WINDOWS OF THE WORLD

Why was there an earthquake?

Topmost layer of the earth, namely litosfir, is a relatively cold rocks and the top is in solid condition and rigid. Below this layer there is a much hotter rock called the mantle. This layer is so hot, so always in a state is not rigid, so it can move according to the distribution of heat that we know as the convection flow. Tectonic plates that are part of litosfir solid and floating on the mantle moves come to each other. There are three possible movement of one tectonic plate relative to the other, ie when the two plates away from each other (spreading), approach each other (collision) and each slide (transform).

If the two plates meet at a fault, they can move away from each other, approach each other or each shift. Generally, these movements are slow and can not be felt by humans, but measured at 0-15 cm per year. Sometimes, this plate movement stuck and interlock, resulting in the collection of energy continues until at some time in the tectonic plate rock is no longer able to resist the movement, causing a sudden release of which we know as earthquakes.

When an earthquake occurs?

Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. Nevertheless, the concentration of earthquakes tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known as the Ring of Fire because of the many volcanoes.

What is an earthquake ?

The earthquake is a sudden shift of the soil layers beneath the surface of the earth. When this shift occurs, arising vibrations called seismic waves. This wave propagates away from the focus of the earthquake in all directions in the earth. When this wave reaches the earth’s surface, the vibrations can damage or not depends on the power source and the focal length, besides that also the quality of buildings and quality of land where the building stood.

Where earthquakes occur ?

Litosfir layer is composed of tectonic plates are rigid and floating on top of rocks that are relatively rigid. Regional meeting of two or more plates we refer to as plate margins or plate boundaries, also called fault. Earthquakes can occur anywhere on earth, but most earthquakes occur around the plate boundaries and gained a lot of active faults around the plate boundaries. Certain point along the fault where the earthquake is called the focus or the commencement of hyposenter and the point at which the earth’s surface immediately above it called the epicenter.

What is a tsunami ?

Tsunami is a series of ocean waves that spilled water can sometimes be as high as more than 100 feet (30.5 meters), to the mainland.

The walls of water can cause vast destruction when it reaches shore.

Very scary wave is usually caused by undersea earthquakes large tectonic plate boundary.

When the ocean bottom at a tectonic plate boundaries go up or down then it suddenly replaces the water on it and launched a rolling wave that became a tsunami.

Most of the tsunami, about 80 percent, occurred in the “Ring of Fire” in the Pacific Ocean, a geological region where the tectonic shift creates volcanoes and earthquakes.

Tsunamis can also be created by underwater landslides or underwater volcanic eruptions.

Tsunami waves can also be slid, as often happens on Earth in the ancient past, because the impact of large meteorites falling into the ocean.

Tsunami explore the ocean at speeds above 850 kilometers per hour, or equal to the speed of a jetliner.

With speed like that tsunamis can explore the entire Pacific Ocean less than a day. And the more their wavelength then decreases its energy.

In the ocean, tsunami waves can only reach as high as feet or slightly higher than that.

But as soon as the tsunami approaches the coastline and into shallow waters, the tsunami slows down, the opposite of energy and height increases.

The highest peak of the wave is moving faster than under the waves, which makes it increased dramatically.

Basin tsunami, the lowest under the wave crests, often the first to reach the mainland.

When that happens, a tsunami produces devastating effects of coastal waters empty into the sea, as well as exposing the harbor and the ocean floor.

Reversal of the sea water is an important warning sign of a tsunami, because the waves and the volume of water is unusually large, usually invaded the land about five minutes or thereabouts.

Recognizing this phenomenon can save many lives.

Tsunami waves usually consist of a series called the wave train, and possibly destructive forces rolled sequentially overwrite the mainland.

People who experienced the tsunami must remember that the danger is not over after the first wave came, otherwise one must wait for an official order that is safe for them to return to areas affected by tsunami waves.

There is a tsunami that does not appear in the offshore as all-powerful waves, currents which otherwise resembles a sudden rise that flooded coastal areas.

The best way is to set up tsunami early warning tsunami that will make people can seek higher land.

The Pacific Tsunami Warning System, which consists of 26 countries and is headquartered in Hawaii, manages a network of seismic devices and water level adjuster to identify the tsunami in the ocean.

Such systems are intended to protect coastal areas around the world.